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1556 DEPUBLISHED Statements made in exercise of the constitutional right of petition are privileged from defamation liability, unless the person who made them knew that they were false or entertained subjective doubts as to their truth (i.e., acted with malice).CitationLUCAS v SWANSON & DOWDALL (Rent Control) 53 CA4 98 [See: Sheldon Appel v Albert 47 C3 863; Eastern R v Noerr 365 US 127; Mine Workers v Pennington 381 US 657; McDonald v Smith 472 US 479; NY Times v Sullivan 376 US 254; Bose v Consumers Union 466 US 485]
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